Carbureter for liquid-fuel engines.



UNiim drafts Patented December 15, 1903.

Aimar rricn CARBURETER FOR LIQUIDWFUEI. ENGINES.

T tZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH H. SARIS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Beloit, in the county of Rock and State of Wisconsin, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Carbureters, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accom- 4panying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

My invention relates to carbureters and is of particular service in connection with the operation of engines operated through the,

agency of liquid fuel that is gasiiied or carbureted. Hitherto carbureters have been adapted to effect mixture of air and fuel in a substantially fixed ratio and in a quantity proportionate to the speed of the engine above a given lower limiting speed. Itis well understood that carbureters employed Vin connection with engines are provided with a chamber adapted for communication with the cylinder of the engine and also with an oil-supply, in which chamber there is provided a piston that is xed with respect to a valve that controls the admission of fuel through a valve-opening. This chamber is provided with an oriice or orices, usually at its bottom portion, through which air is passed by the force of suction due to the operation of the piston within the engine-cylinder, which action of suction also serves to operate the piston within the chamber of the carbureter to open the valve-passage to permit ingress of the liquid fuel, the valve being adapted to seat itself when the force of suction is absent, a spring being desirably employed to aid gravity in order that the valve may thus be seated. The inrushing air and the admitted iiuid fuel are intermixed within the said chamber and drawn into the operatingcylinder `of the engine through the agency of the engines piston. It will thus be obvious that the only regulation of the liquid or oil supplied to the chamber of the carbureter in the prior devices here describedwas due to the operation of the piston within the enginecylinder and that the tendency was to maintain a fixed ratio of oil and air in the intermixing process. In practice it is well known that in carbureters of this description when the speed of the engine falls below a prede- SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 747,235, dated December 15, 1903.

Application filed April 15, 19,03. Serial No. 152,748. (No model.)

termined speed the mixture of oil and air would not be sufficiently rich to operate the engine at such low speed.

It is the object of my invention to provide means whereby the proportion of oil supplied to the mixing-chamber of the carbureter will be enlarged when the speed of the engine is reduced and whereby the extent of the increase of the oil-supply to the mixing-chamber of the carbureter may be regulated. VGrenerally speaking, my invention resides in means for modifying the ratio of fuel or oil supplied through the vvalve-opening governed by the operation of the valve. In the preferred embodiment of my invention this means resides in a continuation of the valve, which is provided with a bore constituting a continuation of a bore provided in the valve, whereby when the speed of the valve is reduced the oil, finding passage through the valve-opening, will when the valve is seated also find passage in the bore therein, and when the valve is elevated the oil passing through the main valve-opening and admitted to the chamber directly therefrom will also be added to by the oil previously accumulated in the bore in the valve. When the vibration of the valve is very rapid, as when the engine is operating at a high rate of speed, the oil will have small opportunity to climb within the valve bore or channel, and hence the oil admitted through the main valve-opening will not then be materially added to. I prefer to employ adjusting means whereby the initial rate of fiow of the fluid fuel through the valve-opening may be regulated to correspond to the highest speed of the engine and additional means whereby the size of the passage or channel through the valve and its stem may be regulated to determine the quantity of oil that may be passed into the channel when the valve is seated, the rate of this flow into the valve-channel being in propor-V tion to the lowest speed at which it is desired to have the engine operate.

I will explain my invention more fully by reference to the accompanying drawings, in

which- Figure l is a View in sectional elevation of the preferred form of a carbureter embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a detail view, in sectional elevation, of my improved form of IOO valve structure. Fig. 3 is a sectional plan view of a portion of the carbureter on line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a sectional plan view of a portion of the carbureter on line 4' 4 of Fig. l.

Like parts are indicated by similar characters of reference throughout the different views.

At the right-hand portion of Fig. 1 I have indicated a part of an engine-cylinder ot, which supports the entire carbureter, a pipe b desirably forming a continuation of a mixing-chamber c to afford communication between the said mixing-chamber and the cylinder of the engine. A segmental valve disv provided within the mixing-chamber and has a cap-wall e, from which extends the stemf, to which stem the handle g is attached, so that the extent to which the engine-cylinder may have communication with the mixingchamber is regulable. The stem fis hollow to receive a valve-stem h, that is adapted to freely reciprocate back and forth with respect to the stem f as the piston within the enginecylinder reciprocates. The valve-stem h terminates in or carries the main valve 1I of the carburetor and also carries a piston k, that desirably loosely fits the mixing-chamber and which is preferably perforated at Z, which perforations are covered by a screen m. As the piston within the engine-cylinder reciprocates suction due to the engine piston forces the elevation of the piston k, and with vit the main valve c', whereupon oil or `other Iiuid fuel from a source of supplyn may nd vpassage through the duct o and the valveopening p. When the piston is on its return stroke, suction is absent and the valve 7l will lower, being desirably aided by means of a coil-spring q, that may be interposed between the cap-wall e and a shoulder r upon the stem h. The mixing-chamber is provided with a continuation s, that extends below the stem and which may be provided with a draftregulator t, provided with openings that may be brought either into or out of register with the openings provided in the bottom wall of the continuation s, as desired. It will be understood that this continuation s is in communication with the engine-cylinder, as well as the balance of the chamber, as the valveopening p is provided in a bridge or rib u,that extends across the mixing-chamber, but does not close the same. A screen fu is located above the rib. Any suitable means for supplying the oil may be provided, there being illustrated a chamber n, having therein a float w, serving to maintain the oil above the level of the Valve-opening, so that when the valve t' is unseated the oil will readily find passage within the mixing-chamber. A regulating set.- valve m is provided for determining the rate of ow through the valve- -opening p, the regulating-valve being set to correspond to the highest speed at which the engine is to operate. The admissionvalve fi is provided with a channel y, that extends from the bottom thereof and which' is continued through its stem, at the upper end of which it isV branched at y' to afford communication with the exterior atmosphere The extent of the communication of the channel within the valve with the external atmosphere is regulated by means of the needlevalve z, that is contained within an enlarged portion of the channel y and which is threadved at its upper end to have engagement with a threaded nut or collar z', so that the longitudinal position of the said valve with respect to the valve-stem h after having been adjusted may be maintained, the adjustment being eected by reason of the threaded engagement had between therneedle-valve and the valve-stem h.

l It will be obvious that if the channel in the valve were not continued through the stem or otherwise open the oil would rise to no appreciable extent within the valve and that if no regulating means, as the needlevalve, were employed it would be dilcult to properly proportion this channel to varying requirements. The operation of the mechanism will be clearly understood. When the engine is operating at a high rate of speed, the reciprocation of the valve h is correspondingly rapid, the valve h being seated for such small fractions of time as to prevent the oil from rising within the channel therein, in which condition of things the rate of oil-supply is that which has been mainly determined by the regulating-valve If now the speed'of the engine drops materially, the valve h will remain seated longer, permitting the oil to rise within the channel therein, so that when the valve is unseated this oil will be discharged into the mixing-chamber to supplement the oil that is admitted through the main valve-opening, the mixture being correspondingly enriched, as is required to effect the operation of the engine at such lower speed. i p

I have herein shown the preferred construction of carbureter constructed in accordance with myinvention; but Ido not wish to be limited to the precise features shown, as changes may readily be made Without departing from the spirit of my invention; but,

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patentp l. In a curbureter, the combination with the mixing-chamber thereof having-a fuel-duct leading thereto and also a valve-opening in communication with the said fuel-duct, of a piston within the mixing-chamber, a valve carried by the piston, a stem constituting a continuation of the valve, an air-channel passing through the valve and stem for communication with the valve-opening, a regulating-valve for determining the effective size of the said air-channel and a set-valve for regulating the initial flow of fluid fuel through the fuelsupply duct, substantially as described.

2. In a carbureter, the combination with the IIO mixing-chamber thereof having a fuel-duct leading thereto and also a valve-opening in communication With the said fuel-duct, of a piston Within the mixingchamber, a valve carried by the piston, a stem constituting a continuation of the valve, an airchannel passing through the valve and stem for conimunication with the valve-opening, and a regulating-valve for determining the effective size of the said air-channel, substantially as described.

3. In a carbureter, the combination with the mixing-chamber thereof having a fuel-duct leading thereto and also a valve-opening in communication with the said fuel-duct, of a pistou Within the mixing-chamber, a valve carried by the piston, a stem constituting a continuation of the valve,an air-channel passing through the valve and stem for communication with the valve-opening, and a set- Valve for regulating the initial iiow of fluid fuell through the fuel-supply duct, substantially as described.

4. In a carbureter, the combination with the mixing-chamber thereof having a fuel-duct leading thereto and also a valve-opening in communication. With the said fuelduct, of a piston Within the mixing-chamber, a valve carried by the piston and a stem constituting a continuation of the valve, an air-channel passing through thevalve and stem for communication with the valve-opening, substantally as described.

5. In acarbureter, the combination with the mixing-chamber thereof having a fuel-duct. leading thereto and also a valve-opening in communication With the said fuel-duct, of a piston within the mixing-chamber, a valve carried by the piston, an air-channel passing through the valve for communication with the valve-opening, and a set-Valve for regulating the initial flow of fluid fuel through the fuelsupply duct, substantially as described.

6. In a carbureter,the combination With the mixing-chamber thereof having a fuel-duct leading thereto and also a valve-opening in Y communication with the said fuel-duct, of a piston Within the mixing-chamber, a valve carried by the piston and an air-channel passing through the valve for com munication with the valve-opening, substantially as described.

7. In a carbureter, the combination with the mixing-chamber thereof having a fuel-duct leading thereto and also a valve-opening in communication with the said fuel-duct, of a piston within the mixing-chamber, a valve carried by the piston, an air-channel passing through the valve for communication with the valve-opening,` a set-valve for regulating the initial Iiow of fluid fuel through the fuelsupply duct and means for regulating the effective size of the air-channel through the Valve, substantially as described.

8.V In a carbureter, the combination with the mixing-chamber thereof having a fuel-duct leading thereto and also a valve-opening in communication with the said fuel-duct, of a piston within the mixing-chamber, a valve carried by the piston, an air-channel passing through the valve for communication with the valve-opening, and means for regulating the effective size of the air-channel through the valve, subst-antiallyas described.

9. In a carbureter, the combination with the mixing-chamber thereof, of a reciprocating valve for controlling the admission of fuel into the mixing-chamber, the said valve being provided with a channel therethrough to receive more or less oil for fuel When seated, according to the rate of its reciprocation to effect the corresponding increase of the fuel admitted to the mixing-chamber, and means for regulating the effective size of'said channel, substantially as described.

l0. In a carbureter, the combination with the mixing-chamber thereof, of a reciprocating valve for controlling the admission of fuel into the mixing-chamber, the said valve being provided With a channel therethrough to receiv'e more or less oil for fuel when seated, according to the rate of its reciprocation to effect corresponding increase of the fuel admitted to the mixing-chamber, substantially as described.

l1. In a carbureter, the combination with a mixing-cham ber thereof having a duct leading thereto, means for admitting varying quantities of fuel from the said duct to the said n'iiXing-chamber,` and a piston carrying ICO 

